Oligodendroglioma anaplásico en el nervio óptico de un perro

Los gliomas son tumores no neuronales del tejido nervioso. En el Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) dependiendo de su origen se clasifican en astrocitomas, oligodendrogliomas, tumores mixtos (oligoastrocitomas), ependimomas y papilomas de plexos coroideos. La retina y el nervio óptico pertenecen al SNC. Aunque las neoplasias primarias de la retina y el nervio óptico son bastante infrecuentes, son los meningiomas los tumores primarios más comunes siendo los gliomas más raros

Shared Resources in Industrial Districts: Information, know-how and institutions in the Spanish tile industry

The aim of this paper is to measure the effect of shared resources on individual firm performance. Using the Industrial District as a definition of the interorganizational context, we propose a model that includes a set of factors that are associated with the endowment of external resources, that is, collective information and know-how, and involvement in local institutions. In order to illustrate the theoretical argumentation, we develop an empirical study using a one hundred-firm sample from the Spanish Ceramic Tile industry in order to search for a statistical association between resource variables and performance of the firms. Finally, findings of the paper suggest that in order to increase performance firms must develop a distinct capacity so as to be able to shape and exploit shared or collective resource

Efficiency and Innovation in Sub-Networks of Companies. A Study of the Spanish Ceramics District

La homogeneidad dentro del distrito industrial frente a las empresas externas se ha asumido tradicionalmente en la literatura. Sin embargo, nuestro trabajo sugiere que los distritos muestran un cierto grado de heterogeneidad. Así puede, atendiendo a variables relacionales, hablarse de la existencia de una core network y de una periphery network. A partir de un método cuantitativo se pretende investigar, para el caso del distrito industrial de la cerámica de Castellón (españa), la existencia de diferencias significativas en eficiencia técnica e innovación entre estos dos grupos de empresas. La confirmación de la heterogeneidad interna concita nuevas líneas de trabajo en el campo de los distritos industriales.Homogeneity in the industrial district with respect to outside companies has traditionally been an assumption in the literature. However, this paper suggests that districts show a certain degree of heterogeneity. Thus, based on relational variables, two different networks can be referred to: Core and Periphery. These groups of firms vary in terms of behavior and performance. Using quantitative methods, this research explores the existence of significant differences in technical efficiency and innovation between the two groups of firms in the spanish ceramic tile industrial district. Findings confirming internal heterogeneity suggest new lines of research in this field.L'homogénéité à l'intérieur du district industriel face aux entreprises externes a traditionnellement été assumée dans la littérature. Cependant, notre travail suggère que les districts montrent un certain degré d'hétérogénéité. Il est donc possible, tenant compte de variables relationnelles, de considérer l'existence de core network et de periphery network. À partir d'une méthode quantitative, on prétend faire une recherche, pour le cas du district industriel de céramique de Castellón (espagne), sur l'existence de différences significatives en efficacité technique et en innovation entre ces deux groupes d'entreprises. La confirmation de l'hétérogénéité interne incite à ouvrir de nouvelles lignes de travail dans le champ des districts industriels.A homogeneidade dentro do setor industrial ante as empresas externas vem sendo assumido tradicionalmente na literatura. Contudo, nosso trabalho sugere que os setores mostram um grau de heterogeneidade. Assim, atendendo a variáveis relacionais, pode-se falar da existência de uma core network e de uma periphery network. A partir de um método quantitativo, pretende-se pesquisar, para o caso do setor industrial da cerâmica de Castellón (espanha), a existência de diferenças significativas em eficiência técnica e inovação entre estes dois grupos de empresas. A confirmação da heterogeneidade interna concita novas linhas de trabalhos no campo dos setores industriais.Esta investigación ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Plan Nacional de I+D+i (2007-2010), proyecto “El Distrito Industrial: el impacto del Capital Social sobre la Gestión de la Cadena de Suministro” (SEJ2007-62876/ECON

Competitividade na indústria do vestuário: uma avaliaçao a partir da perspectiva das redes de empresas aglomeradas territorialmente

O campo da organização industrial envolve o estudo de como a indústria está organizada e por quê. Essa organização se dá dentro de um continuum, onde de um lado existe a possibilidade de verticalizar o processo, através de uma organização hierárquica e, de outro, de adquirir os insumos no mercado, em uma relação de demanda e oferta. Formas alternativas a essas configurações têm sido discutidas na literatura, como é o caso das redes de empresas. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a competitividade a partir da disponibilidade de recursos por parte de redes de empresas aglomeradas territorialmente. Foram tomados como recursos estratégicos, presentes em uma rede do tipo distrito industrial, a transferência de conhecimento entre as empresas, o papel das instituições de suporte industrial e a existência de relações sociais. Foram aplicados questionários aos dirigentes de empresas da indústria do vestuário e os dados foram tratados com estatística descritiva, testes de correlação e de comparação entre médias. Os resultados do estudo empírico apontam que se pode afirmar apenas parcialmente que as empresas aglomeradas territorialmente em uma rede do tipo distrito industrial têm disponibilidade de recursos estratégicos que geram competitividade superior àquelas dispersas geograficamente e que esses recursos se reportam às instituições de suporte industrial e ao relacionamento socioculturalThe field of industrial organization involves the study of as the industry is organized and the reason. This organization takes place inside of a continuum, where on the one hand, there is possibility to turn vertical the process, through a hierarchic organization and, on the other one, to acquire the inputs in the market, in a demand and offer relationship. Alternative forms to this configuration have been discussed in literature, as it is the case of the firm networks. This article presents a work inside of this context that explores the idea that in a firm network there are strategic resources which make possible the creation of competitive advantage for its members. The knowledge transfer among the firms, the role of the institutions of industrial support and the existence of social relationships was taken as present strategic resources in a firm network of industrial district kind. The results of the empiric research carried with clothes manufacturer companies point to the hypotheses concerning the resources could be partially accepted, since the most present resource in the studied firm network is the institutions of industrial support and its service

Efficiency of the ceramic industrial district firms in Castellón: a comparative analysis through non-radial measures

La homogeneidad de las empresas pertenecientes al distrito industrial ha sido asumida tradicionalmente en la literatura sobre el tema. Sin embargo, diversos autores han señalado la posibilidad de identificar subredes de relaciones diferentes dentro del mismo. Así, atendiendo a variables relacionales, puede hablarse de la existencia de una core network y de una periphery network (Morrison y Rabellotti, 2005), con diferencias en su comportamiento y resultados. En este trabajo se pretende investigar, para el caso del distrito industrial de la cerámica de Castellón (España), la existencia de diferencias significativas en eficiencia entre estos dos grupos de empresas. Para ello se recurre a una metodología que permite estimar medidas no radiales de eficiencia, obteniéndose para cada una de las empresas un índice de eficiencia de cada uno de los inputs considerados al caracterizar el proceso de transformación, y a partir de estos una medida de eficiencia global. La confirmación de la heterogeneidad interna concita nuevas líneas de trabajo en el campo de los distritos industrialesScholars and practitioners have been led to rethink the principles of territorial systems, such as industrial district. Some authors have pointed the possibility to identified diverse networks of relations inside one district. For instance, and based on relational variables, can be found two different networks: Core and Periphery (Morrison and Rabellotti, 2005). These groups of firms vary in terms of behavior and performance. This research explores for the case of the Spanish ceramic tile industrial district the existence of significant differences in efficiency between the two groups of firms. Findings confirming internal heterogeneity suggest new lines of research in this fieldEsta investigación ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Plan Nacional de I+D+i (2007-2010), proyecto “El Distrito Industrial: el impacto del Capital Social sobre la Gestión de la Cadena de Suministro” (SEJ2007-62876/ECON

Knowledge about COVID-19 and pandemic impact on Madrid dental students (Spain)

COVID-19 has had a major impact on dental activity, with implications on dental education. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge about it and the pandemic impact on Spanish dental students. An observational and cross-sectional study with a 1

Depth of the brittle-ductile transition in the Betic-Rif belt and Alboran Sea crust

A three dimensional rheological model has been developed in the Betic-Rif and Alboran Sea region to characterize the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) in the upper crust; calculating a multiple set of regularlyspaced strength profiles based on a synthetic 3D lithospheric structure that gathers most of the available geological and geophysical data in the region. This is the first numerical modelling calculated in the region, for either compressional or tensional tectonic regimes, to characterize the rheological layering of the crust in the Betic-Rifean belt. The model results in a BDT topology highly constrained by the lithospheric thickness. The upper-crust brittle domain gets thinnest in the East Alboran Basin and the transition to the South Balearic Basin (7 and 6 km for tensional and compressional tectonic regimes), and becomes thicker westwards, getting the major values in the West Alboran Basin, near the Gibraltar Arc (18-16 km). In the onshore Betics, the BDT deeps towards the NW, with a general trend that results to be oblique to the shore line and to the main orientation of the mountain ranges, with a maximum value in the Southiberian Domain (~15-12 km) continued by a gently thinning of the brittle domain towards the Iberian forelan

Wastewater treatment using microalgae: how realistic a contribution might it be to significant urban wastewater treatment?

Microalgae have been proposed as an option for wastewater treatment since the 1960’s but still this technology has not been expanded to an industrial scale. In this paper, the major factors limiting the performance of these systems are analysed. The composition of the wastewater is highly relevant, and especially the presence of pollutants such as heavy metals and emerging compounds. Biological and engineering aspects are also critical and have to be improved to at least approximate the performance of conventional systems, not just in terms of capacity and efficiency but also in terms of robustness. Finally, the harvesting of the biomass and its processing into valuable products poses a challenge; yet at the same time, an opportunity exists to increase economic profitability. Land requirement is a major bottleneck that can be ameliorated by improving the system’s photosynthetic efficiency. Land requirement has a significant impact on the economic balance but the profits from the biomass produced can enhance these systems’ reliability, especially in small cities